韦斯屈莱-于韦斯屈莱哪个城市

韦斯屈莱-于韦斯屈莱哪个城市

老化的医院设施和陈旧的医疗模式，长期阻碍着芬兰医疗部门的发展。位于芬兰中部的韦斯屈莱医院（Jyväskylä Hospital）便是一栋陈旧老化的医院。2012年，JKMM接到委托，负责设计一栋现代化的医院。从2016年动工到2020年竣工，历时五年，新星医院（Hospital Nova）拔地而起，它突破了传统的束缚，成为一座能为病患提供更优质服务的现代化医院。作为自20世纪70年代以来芬兰开设的首家新建医院，该项目从芬兰的自然环境汲取设计灵感，在感性设计和实用需求之间取得了平衡。

Aging hospital facilities and outdated medical models have long hindered the development of the Finnish medical sector. The Jyväskylä Hospital in central Finland is an old and aging hospital. In 2012, JKMM was commissioned to design a modern hospital. From the start of construction in 2016 to the completion in 2020, it took five years. Hospital Nova was established. It broke through the traditional shackles and became a modern hospital that can provide patients with better services. As the first new hospital opened in Finland since the 1970s, the project draws design inspiration from Finland's natural environment and strikes a balance between sensual design and practical needs.

该项目旨在创造芬兰下一代的医院，并由内而外地焕发新的生机。新星医院不是一个单一的如迷宫般的建筑，相反，它被划分成四个独立的功能区：“急诊医院”（手术与专业护理）、“酒店”（病房）、“医疗‘购物中心’”（门诊中心）及“工厂”（功能支持）。一家大型医院就像一个小城市般，它需要合理的组织形式。从提供优质的患者护理，到提供高效的后勤服务，运营模式决定着医院的诊疗效率。为了让各个功能区高效衔接，我们为新星医院开发了一套全新的运营系统。

The project aims to create the next generation of Finnish hospitals and bring them new life from the inside out. Xinxing Hospital is not a single maze-like building, on the contrary, it is divided into four independent functional areas: "emergency hospital" (surgery and professional care), "hotel" (ward), "medical'shopping mall'" (Outpatient Center) and "Factory" (Functional Support). A large hospital is like a small city, it needs a reasonable form of organization. From providing high-quality patient care to providing efficient logistics services, the operating model determines the efficiency of the hospital's diagnosis and treatment. In order to efficiently connect various functional areas, we have developed a new operating system for Xinxing Hospital.

自上世纪50年代以来，芬兰医院的主导建筑模式都是“塔楼+裙楼”。这种模式适合为长期住院的病患提供医疗服务，并需要更高的住院部塔楼为病患提供大量的病床。但如今，医疗护理力求缩短病患的住院时间。因此，旧有的模式已经不再适合当下病患们的需求了。新星医院致力于提升医护流程的整体效率，并尽量缩减床位。该医院全新的运营系统类似于购物中心和机场的运营系统，将所有功能都沿着长长的公共中庭来组织。

Since the 1950s, the dominant architectural model of Finnish hospitals has been "tower + podium". This model is suitable for providing medical services to patients who have been hospitalized for a long time, and requires a higher inpatient tower to provide patients with a large number of beds. But nowadays, medical care strives to shorten the length of hospitalization for patients. Therefore, the old model is no longer suitable for the needs of the current patients. Xinxing Hospital is committed to improving the overall efficiency of the medical care process and reducing the number of beds as much as possible. The hospital’s new operating system is similar to that of shopping malls and airports, and all functions are organized along a long public atrium.

为了提升病患的救治效率，我们提出了“Hot Hospital”的设计理念，从而将所有全时段核心功能（急诊、门诊、重症监护室和手术室）都聚集在了一个功能单元内，而该功能单元只占用了医院25%的面积。如此一来，医院的核心功能变得更加紧凑与高效。我们还特别设计了危重病人通道，以确保急诊患者可被快速转移至手术室。 我们还提出了名为“医疗‘购物中心’”（Health Care Shopping Mall）的门诊部运营模式，最大化病人看诊的效率。我们将360个诊室沿着中庭排列，每个诊室都是标准化的。病人进入诊室之后，只需要等待不同科室的医护人员前去巡诊即可，不用在医院内部到处走动。

In order to improve the efficiency of patient treatment, we proposed the "Hot Hospital" design concept, so that all core functions (emergency, outpatient, intensive care and operating room) are gathered in one functional unit, and this function The unit only occupies 25% of the hospital's area. As a result, the core functions of the hospital have become more compact and efficient. We also specially designed the passage for critically ill patients to ensure that emergency patients can be quickly transferred to the operating room. We also proposed an outpatient operation model called "Health Care Shopping Mall" to maximize the efficiency of patient visits. We arrange 360 consulting rooms along the atrium, and each consulting room is standardized. After the patient enters the clinic, he only needs to wait for medical staff from different departments to go to the clinic, instead of walking around inside the hospital.

不同科室的医生和护士共享一个“知识中心”（Knowledge Centre），相当于一个大型的共享办公空间。不同科室的医护人员可以在此共享患者的病况，从而确保每位患者都能得到更全面的评估。 我们还对医院的后勤服务和诊疗流程进行了优化。例如，医院采用了按需交付系统，从而最大程度地减少了仓储量。我们希望新星医院的后勤服务能如工厂和零售行业般高效，并将医院的运营成本减少10%。像新星医院这样的大型医院，其1-2年的运营成本就与医院的建设成本相当了。所以，有效地缩减运营成本，能为医院带来可观的收益。为了适应未来的变化，新星医院的设计要尽可能地灵活。灵活性来自于建筑的模块化结构、标准化的空间单元和建造技术。

Doctors and nurses in different departments share a "Knowledge Centre", which is equivalent to a large shared office space. Medical staff in different departments can share the patient's condition here, so as to ensure that each patient can get a more comprehensive evaluation. We have also optimized the hospital's logistics services and diagnosis and treatment processes. For example, the hospital has adopted an on-demand delivery system to minimize storage. We hope that the logistics services of Xinxing Hospital can be as efficient as factories and retail industries, and reduce the hospital's operating costs by 10%. For a large hospital like Xinxing Hospital, the operating cost of 1-2 years is equivalent to the construction cost of the hospital. Therefore, effectively reducing operating costs can bring considerable benefits to the hospital. In order to adapt to future changes, the design of Xinxing Hospital should be as flexible as possible. Flexibility comes from the modular structure of the building, standardized space units and construction technology.

将患者置于首位，是新星医院的主要愿景之一。为实现这一目标，我们设计了不同的策略。我们将基本和专业的医疗服务整合至同一栋建筑中，让所有的医护人员都在同一个诊疗系统内工作。各种医疗资源都集中在一处，为患者们提供方便快捷的一站式诊疗服务。

Putting patients first is one of the main visions of Xinxing Hospital. To achieve this goal, we have designed different strategies. We integrate basic and professional medical services into the same building, so that all medical staff work in the same diagnosis and treatment system. Various medical resources are concentrated in one place to provide patients with convenient and fast one-stop diagnosis and treatment services.

医院的核心，一个三层通高的中庭，让病人感觉仿佛进入了画廊或是购物中心，丝毫没有传统医院封闭、压抑的感觉。另外，各个功能区布局合理，患者就诊十分便捷。到访者可以通过不同区域的视线关系来轻松确定自己的方位。主入口通向一个顶部采光的中庭空间，该中庭可通向餐厅、研讨室、艺术庭院和一个木屋售货亭。我们特别地为儿童设计了一个开放的游乐场，并用原木建造。我们还对候诊区进行了精心的规划，让患者在候诊时可以享受窗外的自然景观和阳光。

The core of the hospital, a three-story atrium, makes patients feel as if they have entered a gallery or a shopping center, without the feeling of being closed and depressed in a traditional hospital. In addition, the layout of each functional area is reasonable, and it is very convenient for patients to see a doctor. Visitors can easily determine their position through the sight relationship of different areas. The main entrance leads to a top-lit atrium space, which leads to a restaurant, seminar room, art courtyard and a wooden house kiosk. We specially designed an open playground for children and built it with logs. We have also carefully planned the waiting area so that patients can enjoy the natural landscape and sunlight outside the window while waiting for the consultation.

医院的人工照明系统让人感觉舒适，并与室内的装潢相得益彰。波浪形的白色顶灯在照亮室内的同时，也让整个空间活泼起来。公共楼梯的扶手处的也增加了光源，更添室内的活力。所有的病房皆为单人间，且配有独立的卫生间，可为住院的病患提供优质的住宿服务。在酒店式的氛围中，患者几乎感觉不到自己身处医院。单人病房可以保证病人的隐私，让患者拥有良好的睡眠，同时最大程度地减少病患间的交叉感染。

The artificial lighting system in the hospital makes people feel comfortable and complements the interior decoration. While the wavy white ceiling lights illuminate the interior, they also make the entire space lively. The handrails of the public stairs also add light sources, adding more vitality to the interior. All wards are single rooms with separate toilets, which can provide high-quality accommodation services for hospitalized patients. In a hotel-like atmosphere, patients hardly feel that they are in the hospital. The single-person ward can ensure the privacy of patients, allow them to have a good sleep, and minimize cross-infection between patients.

项目建筑师Juho Pietarila表示，“我们的首要任务是设计一个医疗建筑，尽管规模庞大，但患者们使用起来很方便。进入建筑时，你可能感觉不到自己身处医院。新星医院颠覆了传统医院的概念，让病人能享受整个诊疗过程。”新星医院所在地以其优美的湖区风光而闻名，坐拥四个国家公园。为了使这家大型医院更加人性化，医院的内部装潢也突出了“自然”这一中心主题。建筑内部的色彩、灯光和艺术品都与自然紧密相连。受医院的委托，我们在室内置入了大量的艺术品，以实现把患者的体验放在首位的目标。

Project architect Juho Pietarila said, “Our first task is to design a medical building. Despite its large scale, it is easy for patients to use. When you enter the building, you may not feel like you are in the hospital. Xinxing Hospital overturns the traditional hospital. The concept of the hospital allows patients to enjoy the entire diagnosis and treatment process." The location of Xinxing Hospital is famous for its beautiful lake scenery and sits on four national parks. In order to make this large hospital more humane, the interior decoration of the hospital also highlights the central theme of "Nature". The colors, lighting and artwork inside the building are closely connected with nature. Entrusted by the hospital, we built a large number of artworks in the room to achieve the goal of putting patient experience first.

室内设计师Laura Hämäläinen表示：“自然可以疗愈人们的身心。因此，新星医院的室内设计融入了松林、山丘和湖泊的元素，让当地人感觉仿佛进入了人造的自然宫殿。”项目首席设计师Teemu Kurkela总结道：“我们同医院享有共同的愿景，就是创造一所未来的芬兰医院。虽然这是我们首次设计医疗类建筑，但我们所提出的概念性、功能性和技术性的创新，将为芬兰未来的医疗建筑提供借鉴。于此同时，我们以芬兰的‘自然’元素为设计主线，为患者创造了一个充满温馨的人性化诊疗空间。”

Interior designer Laura Hämäläinen said: “Nature can heal people's body and mind. Therefore, the interior design of Xinxing Hospital incorporates elements of pine forests, hills and lakes, making locals feel as if they have entered a man-made natural palace.” Chief designer of the project Teacher Teemu Kurkela concluded: “We share a common vision with the hospital to create a Finnish hospital of the future. Although this is the first time we have designed a medical building, the conceptual, functional and technical innovations we have proposed will It provides reference for the future medical architecture in Finland. At the same time, we use Finnish'natural' elements as the main design line to create a warm and humanized diagnosis and treatment space for patients."

平面/结构图

————

建筑设计：JKMM Architects

面积：116000 m²

国家：芬兰

项目年份：2020

摄影师：Tuomas Uuusheimo, KUVIO M Sommerschield, Hannu Rytky, Studio Juha Sarkkinen, Pauliina Salonen

主创建筑师:Teemu Kurkela

建筑师（芬兰建筑师协会）:Asmo Jaaksi, Samuli Miettinen, Juha Mäki-Jyllilä, Aaro Martikainen, Anna Melander, Christopher Delany, Marko Salmela, Päivi Aaltio, Ville Hassi

-相关案例-

芬兰Fyyri图书馆

Fyyri图书馆位于芬兰的基尔科努米（Kirkkonummi）。图书馆位于该教堂的正对面，与临近的露天市场一起，它们成为基尔科努米的市民中心。图书馆的新立面使用铜瓦覆盖，呼应基尔科努米作为航海码头的历史......

Amos Rex艺术博物馆

Amos Rex艺术博物馆位于赫尔辛基市中心，这是一座修建于1930年代的功能主义建筑，博物馆的所有展厅均位于地下：Lasipalatsi广场下方容纳了6230平方米的建筑空间，这一大胆的做法主要是考虑到了周围古典建筑敏感的历史背景......

设计师简介

Asmo Jaaksi

JuhaMäki-Jyllilä

Samuli Miettinen

Teemu Kurkela

JKMM Architects创始人

JKMM Architects是位于芬兰赫尔辛基的100位建筑师和设计师组成的公司。该公司成立于20年前，是在图尔库市图书馆的一项获奖竞赛项目的支持下成立的，至今仍在芬兰的主要公共建筑上使用。建筑师在创造芬兰幸福基础设施方面发挥了至关重要的作用。JKMM的许多项目还涉及与现有建筑物的合作，例如阿尔瓦·阿尔托（Alvar Aalto）设计的Seinäjoki图书馆的扩建，以及最近获得芬兰大奖的奥塔涅米（Otaniemi）阿尔托图书馆内部的修复和重新配置。

韦斯屈莱-于韦斯屈莱哪个城市